Anchored indirect comparison
Bucher and related comparisons through a common comparator
An anchored indirect comparison estimates A versus B from trials of A versus C and B versus C, preserving randomization within each trial. The Bucher method is the simplest case; population-adjusted methods (MAIC, STC, ML-NMR, NMI) extend it when effect modifiers differ between the trials. Unanchored comparisons, with no common comparator, rely on much stronger assumptions and are covered under MAIC, STC, and ML-UMR.
Minimum graphical set
- An anchored comparison diagram showing the evidence structure and the loss of precision.
- A transitivity plot comparing the two trial populations on effect modifiers.
- A method-comparison forest when population-adjusted analyses are reported alongside.
All plots for anchored indirect comparisons
Effect display
Estimates, intervals, and pooled summaries: the forest plot and its many descendants.
Forest plot
Study estimates and confidence intervals on a common effect scale, with the pooled estimate drawn as a diamond.
Anchored indirect comparison diagram
Two trials sharing a common comparator and the indirect estimate derived from them, drawn as a network sketch beside a forest plot.
Method-comparison forest plot
The same treatment comparison estimated by several indirect comparison methods, stacked as forest rows, often against a known truth.
Network geometry and evidence flow
Which treatments are compared directly, how much evidence each comparison carries, and where it flows.
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