An illustrative causal diagram for maternal smoking and orofacial clefts

A small directed acyclic graph for a study of maternal smoking and orofacial clefts in the child, with a rationale for every node and arrow and published references for several of them. It shows each kind of role ggcausal() colors: an exposure, an outcome, a confounder, an unobserved cause of the outcome, a collider created by counting only live births, and a free text role. The structure is a teaching example rather than the result of a formal review.

Usage

cleft_dag

Format

A list of two data frames.

nodes: Six nodes with columns name, label, role, rationale, references and timing. timing is not a reserved column, so it appears as a field in the hover card and panel.
edges: Eight arrows with columns from, to, rationale and references.

Source

Rationales written for this package. References were checked against PubMed and are listed in full in the references columns.

Examples

cleft_dag$nodes[c("name", "role")]
#>      name              role
#> 1     ses        confounder
#> 2 smoking          exposure
#> 3  folate protective factor
#> 4   genes        unobserved
#> 5   cleft           outcome
#> 6   birth          collider
ggcausal(cleft_dag$edges, cleft_dag$nodes)